Allergic Conditions
Also known as Hypersensitivity
Causes Of Allergy
It is the response of an abnormally responding immune system of the body to an external trigger called an ‘allergen,’ which does not evoke similar responses in most other human beings. When the allergen comes into contact with the human body, it activates a response system by producing IgE antibodies.
Normally, such an immune reaction causes no harm. When an immune reaction is exaggerated, as in the case of an allergy, the immune system may react to things that are harmless, and in most people, the immune system is supposed to protect the body against substances such as bacteria or viruses, not against a chemical There are innumerable substances that can cause allergies. The most commonly observed allergens are:
- Dust: Tiny particles found in many environments that can provoke nasal and respiratory irritation.
- Mold: Fungi that thrive in moist conditions and release spores that can cause allergic reactions when inhaled.
- Mites: Microscopic organisms, particularly dust mites, found in household dust which feed on human skin flakes and can trigger allergies.
- Pollen: Fine powder released by plants for reproduction, known for causing seasonal allergic reactions such as hay fever.
- Animal Fur: Dander, or flakes of skin, as well as fur from pets like dogs and cats, can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
- Insect Bites: Stings or bites from insects like bees or mosquitoes can lead to allergic reactions in some people.
- Latex: A natural rubber that can cause allergic reactions ranging from skin irritation to anaphylaxis in those who are sensitive.
- Foods: Common allergenic foods include peanuts, shellfish, and milk, which can trigger everything from mild allergic reactions to severe anaphylaxis.
- Certain Medications: Drugs such as penicillin and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can provoke allergic reactions in some individuals.
- Seasonal Changes: Changes in the season can bring about allergies due to variations in pollen counts, mold growth, and other environmental allergens.
Specialist To Visit
Home-care For Allergy
Avoiding allergens is key to preventing allergic reactions. You can do this by making some changes to your daily routines:
- Avoid Dust and Mold: Keep away from places that are dusty or have mold.
- Use Protection: Wear a mask or cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth when you’re in dusty places or cleaning.
- Let Air and Light In: Open windows to let in fresh air and sunlight to stop mold from growing.
- Stay Away from Pollen and Insects: If you’re allergic to pollen or insect bites, avoid gardens and fields.
- Avoid Pets: If pet fur or dander (skin flakes) cause allergies, it’s best to stay away from animals.
- Watch What You Eat: Avoid foods that you’re allergic to, such as nuts, milk, certain fish, and mushrooms.
- Be Careful with Metals and Detergents: Some people get skin allergies from touching certain metals or using detergents.
Managing Symptoms at Home
If you have an allergic reaction:
- Stay Calm: Don’t panic.
- Avoid the Allergen: Stop contact with whatever is causing the reaction.
- Over-the-Counter (OTC) Relief: For mild symptoms like a runny nose or rash, use OTC meds or emollient creams.
- Nasal Rinse: Saline nasal rinses can clear nasal congestion.
- Cold Compress or Shower: This can soothe skin rash or a burning feeling.
- Emergency Kit: Always have an epinephrine shot ready for severe reactions, like anaphylaxis.
How can I identify if I have allergies?
To identify if you have allergies, watch out for these common signs and consider these steps:
- Note Your Symptoms: Common allergic reactions include sneezing, runny or stuffed nose, itchy or watery eyes, rash, or difficulty breathing. Food allergies might cause stomach pain, hives, or swelling.
- Track When They Occur: Allergies often have a pattern. For example, pollen allergies worsen during certain seasons, while food allergies occur after eating specific foods.
- Over-the-Counter Relief Test: Taking antihistamines can provide temporary relief if symptoms are allergy-related.
- Keep a Symptom Diary: Record what you eat, where you go, and what symptoms you experience to help identify triggers.
- Consult a Doctor: A healthcare provider can conduct tests, like skin prick tests or blood tests, to identify specific allergies.
- Consider Family History: Allergies can be hereditary, so family history might give you a clue.
Remember, professional diagnosis and treatment are the best ways to manage allergies effectively.
What foods to avoid if I have allergies?
If you have food allergies, the specific foods you need to avoid depend on what you’re allergic to. However, some common allergenic foods include:
- Peanuts: Avoid peanuts and products containing peanut ingredients.
- Tree Nuts: This includes almonds, walnuts, cashews, and more. Check labels for nut content.
- Milk: Those allergic should avoid cow’s milk, dairy products, and milk derivatives.
- Eggs: Avoid eggs and many baked goods or processed foods containing eggs.
- Fish: Stay away from fish and seafood products if you’re allergic.
- Shellfish: This includes shrimp, crab, lobster, and others.
- Wheat: Check food labels for wheat, as it’s a common ingredient in many products.
- Soy: Avoid soybeans and soy-based products.
Always read food labels carefully for these ingredients, as they can appear in unexpected products. If you’re unsure whether a food is safe, it’s best to avoid it and consult with a healthcare provider or an allergist for personalized advice.
